Reference guide for APA 7th edition

Dissertations published online

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The instructions on this page concern references to doctoral dissertations that have been published online. For dissertations published online, the name of the institution awarding the degree appear in square brackets after the title and the name of the database or archive where the dissertation is made available is given as the source together with the URL.

NB! Most doctoral dissertations in Science are compilation theses, which consisting of several individual research papers. The papers in a compilation thesis are most often published as articles in scientific journals, before or after the dissertation is printed. If the research has been published as an article in a scientific journal, the published version should be used as the source.

Do not forget to consult the general instructions on how to write references according to APA (7th edition), including 

• how to write in-text references,
• how to construct a reference list,
• how many authors you should list,
• how to write a reference to two or more works within the same parenthesis,
• what to do if you have several references with the same author and publication date,
• how you cite a specific part of a work,
• what to do if you cannot find the author of a work,
• what to do if you do not know when the work was published,
• when and how to use acronyms, and
• how to cite a work written in a language other than the one you are using in your text